{"id":8694,"date":"2025-04-17T19:12:59","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T23:12:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.asminternational.org\/edfas\/a-surprise-contender-for-cooling-computers-lasers\/"},"modified":"2025-04-17T23:13:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T23:13:00","slug":"a-surprise-contender-for-cooling-computers-lasers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.asminternational.org\/edfas\/a-surprise-contender-for-cooling-computers-lasers\/","title":{"rendered":"A surprise contender for cooling computers: Lasers"},"content":{"rendered":"

Minnesota-based startup Maxwell Labs has entered into a cooperative research and development agreement with Sandia and the University of New Mexico to demonstrate laser-based photonic cooling for computer chips. The company is pioneering the new technology to regulate the temperature of chips, significantly lower the power consumption and increase the efficiency of conventional air and water-based systems.<\/p>\n

\u201cAbout 30 to 40 percent of the energy data centers use is spent on cooling,\u201d said Raktim Sarma, the lead Sandia physicist on the project. He added that in some communities, the amount of water needed can strain local resources.<\/p>\n

Maxwell\u2019s experimental microchip components could bring relief to the data center industry, where energy costs have become a growing concern.<\/p>\n

\u201cA successful project will not only address the immediate need for energy savings but also pave the way for processors to operate at performance levels that were previously thought impossible,\u201d Maxwell co-founder and chief growth officer Mike Karpe said.<\/p>\n

Data centers are where servers, typically thousands of them, process the emails, web searches and doom scrolls that connect the internet. Companies may also own private data centers for activities that need significant computing power, such as training artificial intelligence. All these activities generate heat, so data centers need extensive cooling systems to prevent servers from overheating.<\/p>\n

Many researchers, including Sarma, have been studying photonic technologies \u2014 devices that harness light to perform useful work \u2014 for various applications, including data processing, communications and national security. Compared to electronics, photonics can be faster and more energy efficient.<\/p>\n

Sarma and his team believe this is the first time anyone has tried using photonics to chill computers.<\/p>\n

Although lasers are better known for heating things up, such as in laser welding, engraving and 3D printing, they can also cool under specific conditions. This occurs when a particular light frequency is matched with a very small, very pure target of a specific element. In some quantum computers, for example, lasers help hold individual atoms at super-cold temperatures.<\/p>\n

While Sarma cautioned a laser system cannot cool an entire house or any bulk materials, he said it might work for computer chips like GPUs if the cooling light can be focused on small, localized hot spots.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe really only have to cool down spots that are on the order of hundreds of microns,\u201d about the size of a speck of dust.<\/p>\n

Maxwell CEO Jacob Balma says his company aims to do just this. The idea is to use a photonic cold plate to either replace or complement water and air based cooling systems, which also allows for the resulting extracted heat in the form of light to be recycled and turned back into electricity.<\/p>\n

In some current systems, cold water flows through microscopic channels in copper cold plates laid over a chip to soak up heat.<\/p>\n

The Maxwell cold plate would be a light-based variation, designed with materials and microscopic features roughly the size of a virus \u2014 about a thousand times smaller than the thickness of a human hair \u2014 that channel cooling laser light to localized hot spots.<\/p>\n

Balma said his company\u2019s models indicate a laser-based cooling system can keep chips colder than water-based systems, explaining, \u201cThis will enable novel energy-recovery paradigms not possible with traditional cooling technology.\u201d<\/p>\n

If the models prove accurate, the new way of cooling could allow chips to operate harder without overheating, improving their overall performance and power efficiency simultaneously.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe unique capability of light to target and control localized heating spatially and at optical timescales for these devices unlocks thermal design constraints that are so fundamental to chip design that it is hard to speculate what chip architects will do with it \u2014 but I trust that it will fundamentally change the types of problems we can solve with computers,\u201d Balma said.<\/p>\n

Maxwell\u2019s Chief Technology Officer and Co-Founder, Alejandro Rodriguez, through his role as a professor at Princeton University, has previously collaborated with Sandia\u2019s Sarma to design similar nanophotonic structures for other applications.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt became clear to me from this collaboration that Dr. Sarma and Sandia Labs are among only a handful of partners that carry the vision, appetite and technical capabilities to address the highly interdisciplinary and pioneering materials, electronics and photonic components of this project,\u201d Rodriguez said.<\/p>\n

Sandia brings to the collaboration specialized expertise in working with a material called gallium arsenide. It is a semiconductor like silicon, and it makes up most of Maxwell\u2019s cold plate design.<\/p>\n

Because laser light will heat up impurities, erasing any cooling effect, the cold plate needs to have extremely pure, thin layers of crystalline gallium arsenide, also known as epitaxial layers, to work. Sarma and Sandia\u2019s Sadhvikas Addamane, both CINT scientists, will use a technique called molecular beam epitaxy to grow the wafers and build the devices.<\/p>\n

\u201cWith MBE, we use ultrahigh purity sources, we can control the thickness of materials with a precision of less than one atomic layer and we grow the layers under ultrahigh vacuum,\u201d Sadhvikas said.<\/p>\n

Through the new research agreement, Maxwell Labs will generate the technical designs, Sandia will build the devices and UNM will analyze their thermal performance.<\/p>\n

Image – Produced at Sandia National Laboratories, this gallium arsenide-based semiconductor is less than a micrometer thick. Courtesy of: Craig Fritz, Sandia National Laboratories.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

For more information:
\nMaxwell Labs
\nhttps:\/\/mxllabs.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Sandia National Laboratories
\nhttps:\/\/www.sandia.gov\/<\/a><\/p>\n

University of New Mexico
\nhttps:\/\/www.unm.edu\/<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Minnesota-based startup Maxwell Labs has entered into a cooperative research and development agreement with Sandia and the University of New Mexico to demonstrate laser-based photonic cooling for computer chips that may help save energy and water. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63245,"featured_media":8695,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[462,434,439,435,436,464,571],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-applications","category-electronics","category-materials-processing-and-treatment","category-news","category-news-articles","category-research-and-development","category-thermal-properties"],"yoast_head":"\nA surprise contender for cooling computers: Lasers - Electronic Device Failure Analysis Society<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.asminternational.org\/edfas\/a-surprise-contender-for-cooling-computers-lasers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A surprise contender for cooling computers: Lasers - 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