OMM: Material aspects of Distortion

Size distortion in ledeburitic cold-work tool steels is always higher in longitudinal direction (the direction of main deformation, which is the direction of the elongated carbide stringers). The figure shows the effect in three different cases. 

If plates for cutting tools made from ledeburitic cold-work tool steels are taken from small bar materials in the longitudinal direction, the main direction of distortion will also be in the longitudinal direction of the plate (case I). If the same plate is taken in the transverse direction from a wide bar material, the main direction of distortion will be in the transverse direction of the plate (case II). Finally, if the plate is taken as a slice from a large-cross-section thick bar, the carbide orientation and the main direction of distortion will be in the direction of the plate thickness (case III).

For more information, click on the link below (subscription required). Then scroll to Figure 7. R Schneider; R. Mesquita; W Schützenhöfer, Distortion in Tool Steels, ASM International, 2014  https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005980

Solar Atmospheres announces rapid progress on Michigan facility expansion

Solar Atmospheres, Chesterfield, MI, announced significant progress on the 20,000-square-foot expansion of its Michigan facility. The Delta Industrial team quickly erected the steel structure in just one week. The new expansion will accommodate additional vacuum and air furnaces and provide a dedicated shipping and receiving area. The project remains on schedule for completion by the end of 2024, marking a key step in enhancing Solar Atmospheres’ operational capabilities.

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Nitrex announces new system installation at Volkan Steels

Nitrex, based in Quebec, announced the installation of a new nitriding/nitrocarburizing system at Volkan Steels (V’Steels), a prominent tool steels supplier in Istanbul, Turkey. The new system, model NX-1015, has a 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) capacity, enhancing V’Steels’ ability to provide value-added heat treatment services to its customers.

This advanced Nitrex system supports nitriding, nitrocarburizing, and post-oxidation processes using Nitreg, Nitreg-C, and ONC technologies, crucial for increasing the wear resistance, fatigue strength, and durability of tooling. The upgrade is expected to improve the performance of various tooling applications, such as aluminum extrusion dies, die-casting dies, forging dies, and plastic injection molding dies. This installation reflects V’Steels’ dedication to delivering top-quality tool and stainless steels to industries like energy, petrochemistry, defense, and maritime, meeting the growing demand for high-performance materials.

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ECM USA announces partnership with PAI Industries for in-house furnace system

ECM USA,  Pleasant Prairie, WI, announced a partnership with PAI Industries to enhance manufacturing capabilities by introducing an in-house carburizing vacuum furnace system. PAI Industries, a leading provider of parts for the heavy-duty truck industry, will integrate the ECM NANO vacuum furnace into its 112,000 sq. ft. facility in Suwanee, GA, moving away from outsourced heat treatment.

This addition enables PAI Industries to perform low-pressure carburizing and through-hardening processes continuously, improving production speed and capacity. The ECM NANO system, featuring an external loader, three-position temper oven, and queuing positions, offers benefits such as no internal oxidation (IGO), zero CO2 emissions, reduced fire risk, and improved metallurgical outcomes. Testing was conducted at ECM USA’s Synergy Center to validate these advantages before project acceptance.

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SECO/WARWICK announces expansion of Meadville facilities

SECO/WARWICK, Meadville, PA, has announced plans to expand its manufacturing facilities to enhance service for North American customers. The expansion involves relocating part of its manufacturing operations and a metallurgical lab for vacuum furnaces from Poland to Crawford County, PA.

Pennsylvania’s Department of Community and Economic Development (DCED) will support this initiative with a $2 million grant under the Redevelopment Assistance Capital Program (RACP), which SECO/WARWICK will match. Additionally, $69,000 in matching funds will be provided for job training through the Workforce & Economic Development Network (WEDnet).

The expansion will occupy a 120,000 sq. ft. facility in the Crawford Business Park, a site redeveloped from the former American Viscose Corporation mill. This development is expected to benefit the community and bolster SECO/WARWICK’s capabilities in producing heat-treating and aluminum melting furnaces.

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Wisconsin Oven ships electrically heated drop bottom furnace to the aerospace industry

Wisconsin Oven, East Troy, WI, announces that it has shipped an Electrically Heated Drop Bottom Furnace with a traveling quench tank and maintenance platform to the aerospace industry. This system will be used for the solution heat treatment of aluminum parts.

The drop bottom furnace has a maximum operating temperature of 1,100°F and effective workspace dimensions of 3’6” W x 3’6” L x 4’0” H. An OSHA-compliant maintenance platform provides ease of access for personnel to service the equipment. The quench tank has a capacity of approximately 1,700 gallons and includes fluid level control (low, fill, high), a lockable water drain port at the bottom of the tank, and an agitator for water circulation. The traveling quench tank is enclosed with safety fencing for added safety during operation.

This drop bottom furnace is designed with sufficient capacity to heat 600 pounds of aluminum per load and provide a quench delay that does not exceed 5 seconds. The system also includes a slow drop speed program for heating applications that do not require a quench. A video of this system in operation can be viewed online.

“This drop bottom furnace was designed with a 5-second quench delay and a temperature uniformity of +/- 5°F at the set points 850°F and 1,100°F. Additionally, the system was tested to be in compliance with AMS 2750F, Class 1 furnaces, and Instrumentation Type C prior to shipment from our manufacturing facility,” said Mike Grande, Vice President of Sales.

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One Minute Mentor: Distortion in Tool Steels

Some of the main interactions  that occur during the heat treatment of steel alloys including temperature, microstructure, and stress/strain. Especially for tool steels these interactions are mainly influenced by the carbon content in the steel matrix, the types and relative amounts of the alloying elements, and the carbide formation/transformation/precipitation characteristics of the alloy system.

Heat treatment involves changes of temperature with time, which determine changes in microstructure. The rate of temperature change results in a change of microstructure which is described by phase transformation kinetics, as in e.g. TTT (time-temperature-transformation) diagrams; every phase transformation releases/absorbs latent heat, which influences the temperature field. An inhomogeneous temperature distribution, i.e. temperature gradients, within the tool during heat treatment can generate thermal stresses that lead to plastic deformation, if the yield strength of the material at that temperature is exceeded. Every mechanical deformation generates heat which, in turn, influences the temperature field. Furthermore, there is an interaction between the stress state and the microstructure. Phase transformations can result in micro-plastic deformation, which can be globally described using transformation plasticity models.

For more information, click on the link below (subscription required). Then scroll to Figure 2. R Schneider; R. Mesquita; W Schützenhöfer, Distortion in Tool Steels, ASM International, 2014  https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005980

 

Harper International Receives Order for Scientific Line for Pitch Carbon Fiber

Harper International, Buffalo, NY, announces that it has been awarded a contract to engineer and manufacture a Scientific Line for the production of Bitumen Pitch Carbon, which will be installed at Alberta Innovates, located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The facility will be operated by InnoTech Alberta, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Alberta Innovates. The equipment delivery and start-up services are scheduled for 2025.

This pilot-scale equipment will be used by researchers as part of the Carbon Fibre Grand Challenge launched by Alberta Innovates. The challenge aims to accelerate the development of large-scale production pathways for short and continuous carbon fiber from bitumen-derived feedstocks. Phase III of the competition will allow projects to demonstrate, in a repeatable manner, the ability to manufacture carbon fiber, incorporate it into prototypes, and understand the techno-economics associated with the designed process.

“Harper is pleased to support Alberta Innovates Carbon Fibre Grand Challenge to successfully create an alternative carbon fiber precursor with our customized Scientific Line. Carbon fiber from bitumen-derived precursor will significantly lower the price and have a smaller environmental impact,” says Briana Tom, Harper Sales Engineer.

Harper International is a world leader in thermal processing solutions for advanced materials. This latest contract highlights their commitment to innovation and supporting sustainable advancements in material science.

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Constellium’s Muscle Shoals facility receives Department of Defense grant to increase casting capacity

Constellium, Muscle Shoals, AL, announces that its facility has been selected by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) for a $23 million investment under Title III of the Defense Production Act to rebuild its Direct Chill aluminum casting center.

The funding was awarded via the Defense Production Act Investments (DPAI) Program, overseen by the Manufacturing Capability Expansion and Investment Program (MCEIP) in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Industrial Base Policy. Constellium will use the funds to install state-of-the-art casting equipment on the site of a dismantled casting center, adding up to 300 million pounds of annual casting capacity. With this added capacity, the plant expects to increase its recycled input, reduce its use of primary metal, and provide the U.S. industrial base with an additional, self-reliant domestic source of supply for aluminum rolling ingot.

“This investment under the Defense Production Act will enable our industry to meet the rapidly increasing demand for the aluminum products needed not only for our national security but also necessary for the overall U.S. manufacturing sector and a healthy economy,” commented Buddy Stemple, President of Constellium Muscle Shoals. “We are very excited to have this opportunity to partner with the DoD to help strengthen our industrial base.”

Constellium Muscle Shoals is a major aluminum sheet supplier for the packaging and automotive markets. The plant has the capacity to produce over 1 billion pounds per year of finished aluminum coils. Muscle Shoals also operates a world-class recycling center able to recycle the equivalent of 20 billion aluminum cans per year.

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Seco Vacuum delivers Vector Furnace to major automotive supplier in Mexico

Seco Vacuum, Meadville, PA, announces that an international Tier 1 automotive supplier headquartered in the USA has ordered a Vector vacuum furnace for one of their facilities in Mexico.

The Vector 15VP furnace is capable of a variety of thermal processes. Its hot zone measures 36x36x48 inches (900x900x1200 mm) and has a 3,300 lb. (1500 kg) capacity. It features convection heating and a mechanical vacuum pump system, meeting or exceeding the specifications necessary for the production line’s brazing process.

Typically, SECO/VACUUM furnaces are custom-engineered; however, this particular furnace was fabricated ahead of time as a stock item to meet the contingency of a customer requesting immediate delivery. This strategic move allowed the heat treat partner to quickly and seamlessly ramp up production capacity. Additionally, if production demand shifts, the new Vector vacuum furnace can be easily repurposed for other heat treat processes, offering significant versatility.

“We built this furnace to be ready to be shipped and put into operation very quickly, which is just the solution they were looking for,” said SECO/VACUUM Managing Director Piotr Zawistowski.

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