Traditionally, carburization is carried out at high temperature to maximize the solubility and the rate of interstitial solute diffusion.
Continue readingOne Minute Mentor: High-Temperature Nitriding for Deeper Case
High-temperature nitriding or solution nitriding at temperatures of 2010 ± 90°F is a new treatment available to produce cases with nitrogen concentrations in the range of 0.4 to 0.9 wt%, which is low compared to plasma nitriding treatments at low temperature (up to 16.9wt% N), but the resulting case is up to 100 times deeper (2 mm, or 0.08 in.).
Continue readingOne Minute Mentor: Removing the Passive Layer in Low-Temperature Gas Nitriding
The recent advent of low-temperature gas nitriding (for the production of the S-phase in stainless steel) as opposed to regular high-temperature (above 550 °C) gas nitriding (of regular steel) had to find a way to remove the passive layer in this low-temperature condition.
Continue readingOne Minute Mentor: Duplex Stainless Steels
Complex compounds of iron, chromium, and molybdenum are highly detrimental to toughness and corrosion resistance, particularly the resistance to localized chloride attack.
Continue readingOne Minute Mentor: Time-Temperature Sensitization Curves for Austenitic Stainless Steel
The graph shows a Time-Temperature-Sensitization diagram (TTS) for 304 austenitic stainless steel with various carbon contents.
Continue readingOne Minute Mentor: Stabilization
Stabilization is generally considered to be the simple gettering of carbon and nitrogen by a suitable carbide former such as titanium or niobium. Stabilization is essential for ferritic stainless steels to avoid the precipitation of grain boundary carbides.
Continue readingOne Minute Mentor: Stabilization of Ferritic Stainless Steels
Stabilization is generally considered to be the simple gettering of carbon and nitrogen by a suitable carbide former such as titanium or niobium. Stabilization is essential for ferritic stainless steels to avoid the precipitation of grain boundary carbides.
Continue readingOne Minute Mentor: Heat Treatment of a Premium Grade H13 Die
The graph shows a continuous cooling test in which the austenitizing temperature was approximately 1040°C (1900°F).
Continue readingOne Minute Mentor: Isothermal Transformation Diagram for Tool Steels
The graph shows the isothermal transformation diagram for the steel AISI 1075/DIN EN C75. Cooling curves show three process cycles for molten metal quenching in the time-temperature-transformation plots.
Continue readingOne Minute Mentor: Steps for Hardening of Tools as a Function of Time, Temperature, and Phase Transformation
After hot forming, tool steel usually is submitted to heat treatment processes that may be split into two major steps.
Continue reading