{"id":8038,"date":"2018-11-03T12:38:06","date_gmt":"2018-11-03T12:38:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.asminternational.org\/hts-new\/results\/-\/journal_content\/56\/10192\/35710799\/NEWS\/"},"modified":"2023-02-07T04:48:02","modified_gmt":"2023-02-07T04:48:02","slug":"spray-tips-relationship-between-particle-melting-and-coating-structure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.asminternational.org\/hts\/spray-tips-relationship-between-particle-melting-and-coating-structure\/","title":{"rendered":"Spray Tips: Relationship between Particle Melting and Coating Structure"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin-bottom:.0001pt\"><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt\">In addition to the effects of particles in the periphery of the spray stream, resulting from poorly classified materials or nonoptimized process parameters, consideration should be given to particles in the spray stream and how variations in the degree of melting and velocity affect coating structure. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:.0001pt\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:.0001pt\"><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt\">Particles in the center of the spray pattern may include one or all of the following states on impact:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt\">Fully molten, or just above the material melting temperature<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt\">Superheated, well above the melting temperature and perhaps close to the vaporization point<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt\">Semimolten, with the outside liquid but the core still solid<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt\">Molten then resolidified while in flight before impact<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt\">Under- and over-accelerated particles<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:.0001pt\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:.0001pt\"><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt\">Fully melted particles at or just above the material melting point arrive at the substrate, impact, flow, and flatten, as shown in the diagram. Particulate material spreads and cools rapidly as heat is conducted into the substrate. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:.0001pt\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:.0001pt\"><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt\">The classic lamellar splat morphology is thus achieved, as shown in (b). Lamellar particle thickness depends on particle velocity, particle temperature, substrate temperature, and other minor factors. Superheated particles may splash on impact, sending out fine droplets radially that can end up in the coating as debris, as shown in (c). Debris formed from splatter differs from debris produced in the jet, in that splatter lodges in the coating, building up at the first ridge that stops its radial travel. Air blasting does not remove splatter debris. Superheating is a condition that generally should be avoided, in that it produces fumes, oxidation, and lowered deposition efficiency. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:.0001pt\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:.0001pt\"><span style=\"line-height:normal\"><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt\">Particles that resolidify in flight after having been melted may either not deposit or they may appear as embedded unmelted particles, usually with clearly discernible oxide layers on the particle surfaces, as shown in (a). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:.0001pt\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size:12.0pt\"><span style=\"line-height:107%\"><span style=\"color:black\"><a href=\"https:\/\/matdata-s.asminternational.org\/hbk\/do\/section\/content\/V05A\/D00\/A01\/index.htm\" target=\"page\" title=\"Volume 5A, Thermal Spray Technology\" rel=\"noopener\">Volume 5A, Thermal Spray Technology<\/a> -&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/matdata-s.asminternational.org\/hbk\/do\/section\/content\/V05A\/D02\/A05\/index.htm\" target=\"page\" title=\"Introduction to Coating Design and Processing\" rel=\"noopener\">Introduction to Coating Design and Processing<\/a> -&gt; Coating Deposition<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In addition to the effects of particles in the periphery of the spray stream, resulting from poorly classified materials or nonoptimized process parameters, consideration should be given to particles in the spray stream and how variations in the degree of melting and velocity affect coating structure.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63082,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - 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