Oxide metallurgy enables the development of new grain-size control technology based on the use of inclusions such as MnS, oxides, and nitrides as precipitate nucleation sites. This has made possible the production of high-strength and high-toughness microalloyed steels, and contributed to the expansion of direct heat treatment applications even to highly stressed automotive suspension components.

Constellium’s facility at Bowling Green, Kentucky has been recognized as an “exemplary environmental steward” by the Tennessee Valley Authority. The plant produces flat-rolled aluminum auto body sheet products for the automotive market in North America and has a capacity of 100,000 metric tons annually.

Lucifer Furnaces, Pennsylvania, has supplied a top loading furnace to a leading tooling manufacturer. This joins a second Lucifer furnace already in use for the production of dies to cut fabric to make N95 masks for the medical industry. These furnaces are completely wired, assembled, and shipped ready for connection to a main power supply.

Sulfur content plays a major role in improving the fatigue strength of ferrite-pearlite steels. Finely dispersed MnS plays an active role in providing transformation initiation sites for ferrite within austenite grains and interrupts the formation of large pearlite.