One Minute Mentor: Heat Treatment Applied to Tool Steels

After hot forming, tool steel usually is submitted to heat treatment processes that may be split into two major steps. These are shown here in a graphical form illustrating the typical processing and heat treatment sequences, splitting them into the steps done before hardening and those done for hardening, as a function of time, temperature, and phase transformation.

Heat treating niobium for better particle accelerators

Virgina Tech, Va., scientists have developed a new theoretical model for preparing particle accelerator structures made of niobium metal. The model predicts the rate of oxygen diffusion into niobium on heat treatment.